Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Reunion (2003)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Reunion (2003)

	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)	Reunion (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order	none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864) 15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193) 65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 31.3% (male 121,119; female 115,501) 15-64 years: 62.8% (male 233,607; female 240,502) 65 years and over: 5.9% (male 18,036; female 26,406) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish	sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports	2 (2001)	2 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups	total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.	The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate	14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	20.17 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million	revenues: $1.26 billion expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998)
Capital	Saint-Pierre	Saint-Denis
Climate	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy	tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline	120 km	207 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon	conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island
Currency	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)	euro (EUR)
Death rate	6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$NA
Dependency status	self-governing territorial collectivity of France	overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territorial collectivity of France)	none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territorial collectivity of France)	none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France	$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Economy - overview	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.	The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption	38.13 million kWh (2000)	1.005 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	41 million kWh (2000)	1.08 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 55.5% hydro: 44.5% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment	NA
Ethnic groups	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)	French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)	euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Gonthier FRIEDERICI (since NA) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports	$12 million f.o.b. (1999)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts	sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners	US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999)	France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions	the flag of France is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.)	purchasing power parity - $4.174 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 8% industry: 19% services: 73% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)	purchasing power parity - $5,600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	2.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	46 50 N, 56 20 W	21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note	vegetation scanty	this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)	total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$55 million f.o.b. (1999)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials	manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners	France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)	France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)
Independence	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)	none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism	sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate	8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 8.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.89 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.1% (1991-96 average)	NA%
International organization participation	FZ, WFTU	FZ, InOC, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	120 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force	3,000 (1997) (1997)	309,900 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)	agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.2% permanent crops: 2% other: 84.8% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official)	French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation	French law
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1	unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 19, UDF 9, RPR 8, various right-wing candidates 4, various left-wing candidates 5 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.93 years male: 75.66 years female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)	total population: 73.43 years male: 70.03 years female: 77 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.9% male: 87% female: 90.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	North America	World
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 198,341 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 101,116 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 6,795 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French	noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese
Natural hazards	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard	periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources	fish, deepwater ports	fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate	-4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]	Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	6,954 (July 2002 est.)	755,171 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.35% (2002 est.)	1.47% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Saint Pierre	Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios	4,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic 99%	Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system	general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network international: radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	4,000 (1997)	268,500 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1994)	197,000 (September 2000)
Television broadcast stations	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)	35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	mostly barren rock	mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate	2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.53 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	9.8% (1997) (1997)	36% (1999 est.)
Waterways	none	none

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